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Monkeys reach adulthood at different ages depending on their species. Generally, smaller monkey species mature faster than larger ones.

For example, common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) reach adulthood around 2-4 years of age. In contrast, larger primates like baboons (Papio spp.) or macaques (Macaca spp.) may take 4-7 years to fully mature. Great apes, like chimpanzees, take even longer, typically developing between 8-10 years.

Once they reach maturity, monkeys can reproduce throughout most of their adult lives. In the wild, many species continue breeding into old age, though fertility may gradually decline. For example, female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) can reproduce until about 25 years of age, while males often remain fertile for most of their lives. However, factors such as health, environment, and social status impact reproductive success. Dominant males in social groups typically have more opportunities to breed, while lower-ranking males may face challenges in finding partners.

Monkeys’ breeding behaviors are influenced by seasonal changes, food availability, and social dynamics. Some species, like baboons, exhibit visible signs of fertility in females, such as physical changes. Others rely on hormonal signals and social interactions to attract mates.

In captivity, monkeys may have longer reproductive lifespans due to better nutrition and medical care. However, in the wild, factors such as stress, predation, and competition can shorten their reproductive years.

Overall, monkeys typically begin reproducing between 2-7 years of age, depending on the species, and continue for most of their lives, with females experiencing a gradual decline in fertility as they age.